Cargo / Goods / Freight：都可以表示 “货物”。“Cargo” 通常用于船运或空运的大宗货物，如 “The ship is carrying a heavy cargo of machinery.（这艘船装载着大量机械货物。）”；“Goods” 是最常用的词汇，指各种商品、货物，例如 “These goods are to be shipped overseas.（这些货物将运往海外。）”；“Freight” 也有货物的意思，更多用于货运业务中，如 “Freight transportation is a crucial part of international trade.（货运是国际贸易的一个关键部分。）”

Consignment：意思是 “托运的货物；寄售的货物”。例如 “The consignment of electronics arrived at the destination port on time.（这批托运的电子产品准时到达目的港。）”

Shipment：有 “装运；运输的货物” 的意思。“We are expecting the next shipment to arrive next week.（我们预计下一批货物下周到达。）”

Sea Freight / Ocean Freight：“海运”，例如 “Sea freight is a cost - effective way for transporting bulky goods.（海运是运输大宗货物的一种经济有效的方式。）”

Air Freight：“空运”，“The company chose air freight to deliver the high - value goods due to its speed.（由于速度快，公司选择空运来运送高价值货物。）”

Rail Freight / Land Freight（包括公路运输）：“铁路货运 / 陆运”，“Rail freight is an efficient option for inland transportation.（铁路货运是内陆运输的一种有效选择。）”

Multimodal Transport（Combined Transport）：“多式联运”，“Multimodal transport combines different modes of transportation to provide a more comprehensive service.（多式联运结合了不同的运输方式，以提供更全面的服务。）”

Packing / Packaging：都有 “包装” 的意思。“Packing” 更侧重于包装的动作，“Packaging” 侧重于包装材料和包装设计。例如 “The packing of these fragile items requires special care.（这些易碎物品的包装需要特别小心。）” 和 “The new packaging design attracts more customers.（新的包装设计吸引了更多顾客。）”

Pallet：“托盘”，“The goods are loaded on pallets for easy handling and transportation.（货物被放在托盘上，以便于搬运和运输。）”

Container：“集装箱”，“A standard container can hold a large volume of goods.（一个标准集装箱可以容纳大量货物。）”

Booking：“订舱”，“We have completed the booking of a 40 - foot container for this shipment.（我们已经为这批货物完成了一个 40 英尺集装箱的订舱。）”

Loading：“装货”，“The loading process started early in the morning and was completed by noon.（装货过程从清晨开始，到中午完成。）”

Unloading：“卸货”，“The unloading of the container was delayed due to the lack of workers.（由于缺少工人，集装箱的卸货被推迟了。）”

Transit：“运输途中；中转”，“The goods are in transit and are expected to arrive at the transshipment port tomorrow.（货物正在运输途中，预计明天到达中转港。）”

Delivery：“交付；送货”，“The delivery of the goods to the customer's warehouse was on time.（货物准时送到了客户的仓库。）”

Bill of Lading（B/L）：“提单”，“The bill of lading is a crucial document in sea freight.（提单是海运中的一份关键文件。）”

Commercial Invoice：“商业发票”，“The commercial invoice shows the value and details of the goods.（商业发票显示了货物的价值和细节。）”

Packing List：“装箱单”，“The packing list helps the consignee to check the contents of the shipment.（装箱单帮助收货人核对运输货物的内容。）”

Certificate of Origin：“原产地证书”，“A certificate of origin is required to claim tariff preferences in some countries.（在一些国家，需要原产地证书来申请关税优惠。）”

Freight Rate：“运费率”，“The freight rate for this route has increased recently.（这条路线的运费率最近上涨了。）”

Charges / Fees：“费用”，“There are additional handling charges for this kind of special cargo.（这种特殊货物有额外的装卸费用。）”

Customs Duty：“关税”，“The importer has to pay customs duty according to the tariff regulations.（进口商必须根据关税规定缴纳关税。）”

VAT（Value - Added Tax）：“增值税”，“VAT is an important tax in many countries for goods and services.（增值税在许多国家是对商品和服务征收的一种重要税收。）”

Port：“港口”，“The goods will be shipped from Shanghai Port.（货物将从上海港运出。）”

Terminal：“码头；场站”，“The container terminal is equipped with advanced handling equipment.（集装箱码头配备了先进的装卸设备。）”

Pier / Wharf：“码头（多指有建筑物的码头）”，“The ship is docking at the pier.（船停靠在码头。）”